SoundGenerator.h

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#pragma once
 
#include <math.h>
 
#include "AudioTools/CoreAudio/AudioBasic/Collections.h"
#include "AudioTools/CoreAudio/AudioLogger.h"
#include "AudioTools/CoreAudio/AudioTypes.h"
#include "AudioTools/CoreAudio/Buffers.h"
#include "AudioTools/Concurrency/LockFree/RingBufferSPSC.h"
 
 
namespace audio_tools {
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class SoundGenerator {
 public:
  SoundGenerator() { info.bits_per_sample = sizeof(T) * 8; }
 
  virtual ~SoundGenerator() { end(); }
 
  virtual bool begin(AudioInfo info) {
    this->info = info;
    return begin();
  }
 
  virtual bool begin() {
    TRACED();
    active = true;
    activeWarningIssued = false;
    info.logInfo("SoundGenerator:");
 
    // support bytes < framesize
    ring_buffer.resize(info.channels * sizeof(T));
 
    return true;
  }
 
  virtual void end() { end(false); }
 
  virtual void end(bool allow_rampdown) {
    if (!active || !allow_rampdown || downSamples == 0) {
      // No rampdown to do
      LOGD("end() immediate");
      active = false;
    }
    // Are we already in a rampdown?  If so, don't restart it.
    else if (currentSample > playSamples && currentSample <= playSamples + downSamples) {
      LOGD("end() continuing rampdown: %u more samples", playSamples+downSamples-currentSample);  
    }
    // Otherwise, trigger the start of ramp down.
    else {
      LOGD("end() starting rampdown: %u samples", downSamples);
      playSamples = currentSample + downSamples;
    }
  }
 
  virtual bool isActive() { return active; }
 
  virtual T readSample() = 0;
 
  virtual size_t readBytes(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
    LOGD("readBytes: %d", (int)len);
    if (!active) return 0;
    int channels = audioInfo().channels;
    int frame_size = sizeof(T) * channels;
    int frames = len / frame_size;
    if (len >= frame_size) {
      return readBytesFrames(data, len, frames, channels);
    }
    return readBytesFromBuffer(data, len, frame_size, channels);
  }
 
  virtual size_t readSamples(T* data, size_t len) {
    if (!active) return 0;
    int channels = audioInfo().channels;
    int frames = len / channels;
    if (frames == 0) return 0;
    return readBytesFrames((uint8_t*)data, frames * sizeof(T) * channels,
                           frames, channels) /
          sizeof(T);
  }
 
  virtual AudioInfo defaultConfig() {
    AudioInfo def;
    def.bits_per_sample = sizeof(T) * 8;
    return def;
  }
 
  virtual void setFrequency(float frequency) {
    LOGE("setFrequency not supported");
  }
 
  virtual AudioInfo audioInfo() { return info; }
 
  virtual void setAudioInfo(AudioInfo info) {
    this->info = info;
    if (info.bits_per_sample != sizeof(T) * 8) {
      LOGE("invalid bits_per_sample: %d", info.channels);
    }
    recalculatePlayTime();
  }
 
  virtual void setPlayTime(uint32_t playMs, uint8_t upPercent = 20,
                   uint8_t downPercent = 30) {
    LOGI("setPlayTime: playMs=%d, upPercent=%d, downPercent=%d", playMs,
         upPercent, downPercent);
    this->playMs = playMs;
    this->upPercent = upPercent;
    this->downPercent = downPercent;
    this->upMs = 0;
    this->downMs = 0;
    currentSample = 0;
    recalculatePlayTime();
    factor = 0.0f;
  }
 
  virtual void setRampTimes(uint32_t playMs, uint32_t upMs = 5, uint32_t downMs = 5) {
    LOGI("setRampTimes: playMs=%u  upMs=%u, downMs=%u", playMs, upMs, downMs);
 
    this->playMs = playMs;
    this->upMs = upMs;
    this->downMs = downMs;
    this->upPercent = 0;
    this->downPercent = 0;
 
    currentSample = 0;
    recalculatePlayTime();
    factor = 0.0f;
    LOGD("setRampTimes() playSamples: %u  playMs: %u  upSamples: %u  downSamples: %u", playSamples, playMs, upSamples, downSamples);
  }
 
 
  virtual void restart() {
    currentSample = 0;
    active = true;
  }
 
 protected:
  bool active = false;
  bool activeWarningIssued = false;
  // int output_channels = 1;
  AudioInfo info;
  RingBuffer<uint8_t> ring_buffer{0};
  uint32_t playMs = 0;
  uint8_t upPercent = 5;
  uint8_t downPercent = 40;
  uint32_t upMs = 0;
  uint32_t downMs = 0;
  uint32_t playSamples = 0;
  uint32_t upSamples = 0;
  uint32_t downSamples = 0;
  float rampUpInc = 0.0;
  float rampDownDec = 0.0;
  float factor = 1.0f;
  uint32_t currentSample = 0;
 
  void recalculatePlayTime() {
    // Enforce exclusion between setPlayTime() and setRampTimes()
    if ((upPercent || downPercent) && (upMs || downMs)) {
      LOGE("Only use either: setPlayTime() or setRampTimes(), not both. up%% %u  down%% %u   upMs: %u  downMs: %u",
        upPercent, downPercent, upMs, downMs);
      LOGE("Reset the other to zero if switching back and forth.")
      return;
    }
 
    // Set playSamples. playMs == 0 results in playSamples == 0 will play
    // indefinitely, until end() is called. end(true) will ramp-down,
    // end(false) stops immediately.  Default is false/immediate.
    playSamples = info.sample_rate / 1000 * playMs;
 
    // Set up/down samples based on either Percentages or times.
    if (upMs || downMs) {
      // Using ramp time in ms
      upSamples = info.sample_rate / 1000 * upMs;
      downSamples = info.sample_rate / 1000 * downMs;
    }
    else if (upPercent || downPercent) {
      // Using ramp percentages of play time
      if (upPercent + downPercent > 100) {
        downPercent = 100 - upPercent;
      }
      upSamples = (playSamples * upPercent) / 100;
      downSamples = (playSamples * downPercent) / 100;
    }
    else {
      // No ramp specified.
      upSamples = 0;
      downSamples = 0;
    }
 
    // Turn all that into parameters to use in applyRamp()
    rampUpInc = 0;
    if (upSamples > 0) {
      rampUpInc = 1.0f / upSamples;
    }
    rampDownDec = 0;
    if (downSamples > 0) {
      rampDownDec = 1.0f / downSamples;
    }
  }
 
  size_t readBytesFrames(uint8_t* buffer, size_t lengthBytes, int frames,
                         int channels) {
    T* result_buffer = (T*)buffer;
    int frames_written = 0;
    if (playSamples > 0 && currentSample > playSamples) {
      active = false;
      return 0;
    }
 
    for (int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
      T sample = readSample();
 
      // if we requested a play time or ramp times
      if (playSamples > 0 || upSamples > 0 || downSamples > 0) {
        currentSample++;
        sample = applyRamp(sample);
      }
 
      for (int ch = 0; ch < channels; ch++) {
        *result_buffer++ = sample;
      }
 
      frames_written++;
      // exit loop if we have reached the requested play time
      if (playSamples > 0 && currentSample > playSamples) {
        active = false;
        break;
      }
    }
    return frames_written * sizeof(T) * channels;
  }
 
  // Applies ramp up and ramp down logic to the sample
  T applyRamp(T sample) {
    // Ramp up
    if (rampUpInc > 0 && currentSample <= upSamples) {
      factor += rampUpInc;
      if (factor > 1.0f) {
        factor = 1.0f;
      }
    }
    // Ramp down
    else if (rampDownDec > 0 && currentSample >= playSamples - downSamples) {
      factor -= rampDownDec;
      if (factor < 0.0f) {
        factor = 0.0f;
      }
    }
    // Sustain
    else {
      factor = 1.0f;
    }
    return (T)(factor * sample);
  }
 
  size_t readBytesFromBuffer(uint8_t* buffer, size_t lengthBytes,
                             int frame_size, int channels) {
    // fill ringbuffer with one frame
    if (ring_buffer.isEmpty()) {
      uint8_t tmp[frame_size];
      readBytesFrames(tmp, frame_size, 1, channels);
      ring_buffer.writeArray(tmp, frame_size);
    }
    // provide result
    return ring_buffer.readArray(buffer, lengthBytes);
  }
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class FloatSineGenerator : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  // the scale defines the max value which is generated
  FloatSineGenerator(float amplitude = NumberConverter::maxValueT<T>(),
                    float phase = 0.0f) {
    LOGD("FloatSineGenerator");
    m_amplitude = amplitude;
    m_phase = phase;
  }
 
  bool begin() override {
    TRACEI();
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin();
    this->m_deltaTime = 1.0f / SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate;
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info) override {
    LOGI("%s::begin(channels=%d, sample_rate=%d)", "FloatSineGenerator",
         (int)info.channels, (int)info.sample_rate);
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info);
    this->m_deltaTime = 1.0f / SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate;
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info, float frequency) {
    LOGI("%s::begin(channels=%d, sample_rate=%d, frequency=%.2f)",
         "FloatSineGenerator", (int)info.channels, (int)info.sample_rate,
         frequency);
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info);
    this->m_deltaTime = 1.0f / SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate;
    if (frequency > 0.0f) {
      setFrequency(frequency);
    }
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(int channels, int sample_rate, float frequency) {
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.channels = channels;
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate = sample_rate;
    return begin(SoundGenerator<T>::info, frequency);
  }
 
  // update m_deltaTime
  virtual void setAudioInfo(AudioInfo info) override {
    SoundGenerator<T>::setAudioInfo(info);
    this->m_deltaTime = 1.0f / SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate;
  }
 
  virtual AudioInfo defaultConfig() override {
    return SoundGenerator<T>::defaultConfig();
  }
 
  void setFrequency(float frequency) override {
    LOGI("setFrequency: %.2f", frequency);
    LOGI("active: %s", SoundGenerator<T>::active ? "true" : "false");
    if (m_frequency != frequency) {
      m_cycles = 0.0f;  // reset cycles to avoid phase jumps
      m_phase = 0.0f;   // reset phase to avoid jumps
    }
    m_frequency = frequency;
  }
 
  virtual T readSample() override {
    float angle = double_Pi * m_cycles + m_phase;
    T result = m_amplitude * sinf(angle);
    m_cycles += m_frequency * m_deltaTime;
    if (m_cycles > 1.0f) {
      m_cycles -= 1.0f;
    }
    return result;
  }
 
  void setAmplitude(float amp) { m_amplitude = amp; }
 
 protected:
  volatile float m_frequency = 0.0f;
  float m_cycles = 0.0f;  // Varies between 0.0 and 1.0
  float m_amplitude = 1.0f;
  float m_deltaTime = 0.0f;
  float m_phase = 0.0f;
  const float double_Pi = 2.0f * PI;
 
  void logStatus() {
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.logStatus();
    LOGI("amplitude: %f", this->m_amplitude);
    LOGI("active: %s", SoundGenerator<T>::active ? "true" : "false");
  }
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class FastSineGenerator : public FloatSineGenerator<T> {
 public:
  FastSineGenerator(float amplitude = NumberConverter::maxValueT<T>(), float phase = 0.0)
      : FloatSineGenerator<T>(amplitude, phase) {
    LOGD("FastSineGenerator");
  }
 
  virtual T readSample() override {
    float angle =
        FloatSineGenerator<T>::m_cycles + FloatSineGenerator<T>::m_phase;
    T result = FloatSineGenerator<T>::m_amplitude * sine(angle);
    FloatSineGenerator<T>::m_cycles +=
        FloatSineGenerator<T>::m_frequency * FloatSineGenerator<T>::m_deltaTime;
    if (FloatSineGenerator<T>::m_cycles > 1.0f) {
      FloatSineGenerator<T>::m_cycles -= 1.0f;
    }
    return result;
  }
 
 protected:
  inline float sine(float t) {
    float p = (t - (int)t) - 0.5f;  // 0 <= p <= 1
    float pp = p * p;
    return (p - 6.283211f * pp * p + 9.132843f * pp * pp * p) * -6.221086f;
  }
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class FastIntSineGenerator : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  FastIntSineGenerator(float amplitude = NumberConverter::maxValueT<T>(),
                        float phase = 0.0f) {
    LOGD("FastIntSineGenerator");
    setAmplitude(amplitude);
    setPhase(phase);
  }
 
  bool begin() override {
    TRACEI();
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin();
    updatePhaseIncrement();
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info) override {
    LOGI("%s::begin(channels=%d, sample_rate=%d)", "FastIntSineGenerator",
         (int)info.channels, (int)info.sample_rate);
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info);
    updatePhaseIncrement();
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info, float frequency) {
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info);
    if (frequency > 0.0f) {
      setFrequency(frequency);
    }
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(int channels, int sample_rate, float frequency) {
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.channels = channels;
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate = sample_rate;
    return begin(SoundGenerator<T>::info, frequency);
  }
 
  virtual void setAudioInfo(AudioInfo info) override {
    SoundGenerator<T>::setAudioInfo(info);
    updatePhaseIncrement();
  }
 
  void setFrequency(float frequency) override {
    LOGI("setFrequency: %.2f", frequency);
    m_frequency = frequency;
    updatePhaseIncrement();
  }
 
  void setPhase(float phase) {
    double turns = phase / (2.0 * PI);
    m_phase_offset = (uint32_t)(turns * 4294967296.0);
  }
 
  void setAmplitude(float amp) {
    m_amplitude = amp;
    m_amplitude_i = (int32_t)amp;
  }
 
  virtual T readSample() override {
    // top kTableBits of the 32 bit accumulator select the table entry
    uint32_t index = (m_phase_acc + m_phase_offset) >> kIndexShift;
    m_phase_acc += m_phase_increment;
    int32_t sine_q15 = sine_table[index];
    return (T)(((int64_t)sine_q15 * m_amplitude_i) >> 15);
  }
 
 protected:
  static const int kTableBits = 8;
  static const int kTableSize = 1 << kTableBits;    // 256 entries
  static const int kIndexShift = 32 - kTableBits;
 
  volatile float m_frequency = 0.0f;
  float m_amplitude = 1.0f;
  int32_t m_amplitude_i = 32767;
  // fixed point (32 bit) phase: wrapping is implicit via unsigned overflow
  uint32_t m_phase_acc = 0;
  uint32_t m_phase_offset = 0;
  uint32_t m_phase_increment = 0;
 
  // only called from begin()/setFrequency()/setAudioInfo(), never per sample
  void updatePhaseIncrement() {
    uint32_t sample_rate = SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate;
    if (sample_rate > 0) {
      m_phase_increment =
          (uint32_t)((double)m_frequency / sample_rate * 4294967296.0);
    }
  }
 
  // one sine period in Q15 fixed point (-32767..32767)
  static constexpr int16_t sine_table[kTableSize] = {
      0,     804,   1608,  2410,  3212,  4011,  4808,  5602,  6393,  7179,
      7962,  8739,  9512,  10278, 11039, 11793, 12539, 13279, 14010, 14732,
      15446, 16151, 16846, 17530, 18204, 18868, 19519, 20159, 20787, 21403,
      22005, 22594, 23170, 23731, 24279, 24811, 25329, 25832, 26319, 26790,
      27245, 27683, 28105, 28510, 28898, 29268, 29621, 29956, 30273, 30571,
      30852, 31113, 31356, 31580, 31785, 31971, 32137, 32285, 32412, 32521,
      32609, 32678, 32728, 32757, 32767, 32757, 32728, 32678, 32609, 32521,
      32412, 32285, 32137, 31971, 31785, 31580, 31356, 31113, 30852, 30571,
      30273, 29956, 29621, 29268, 28898, 28510, 28105, 27683, 27245, 26790,
      26319, 25832, 25329, 24811, 24279, 23731, 23170, 22594, 22005, 21403,
      20787, 20159, 19519, 18868, 18204, 17530, 16846, 16151, 15446, 14732,
      14010, 13279, 12539, 11793, 11039, 10278, 9512,  8739,  7962,  7179,
      6393,  5602,  4808,  4011,  3212,  2410,  1608,  804,   0,     -804,
      -1608, -2410, -3212, -4011, -4808, -5602, -6393, -7179, -7962, -8739,
      -9512, -10278,-11039,-11793,-12539,-13279,-14010,-14732,-15446,-16151,
      -16846,-17530,-18204,-18868,-19519,-20159,-20787,-21403,-22005,-22594,
      -23170,-23731,-24279,-24811,-25329,-25832,-26319,-26790,-27245,-27683,
      -28105,-28510,-28898,-29268,-29621,-29956,-30273,-30571,-30852,-31113,
      -31356,-31580,-31785,-31971,-32137,-32285,-32412,-32521,-32609,-32678,
      -32728,-32757,-32767,-32757,-32728,-32678,-32609,-32521,-32412,-32285,
      -32137,-31971,-31785,-31580,-31356,-31113,-30852,-30571,-30273,-29956,
      -29621,-29268,-28898,-28510,-28105,-27683,-27245,-26790,-26319,-25832,
      -25329,-24811,-24279,-23731,-23170,-22594,-22005,-21403,-20787,-20159,
      -19519,-18868,-18204,-17530,-16846,-16151,-15446,-14732,-14010,-13279,
      -12539,-11793,-11039,-10278,-9512, -8739, -7962, -7179, -6393, -5602,
      -4808, -4011, -3212, -2410, -1608, -804};
};
 
// out of class definition is needed before C++17 (e.g. -std=gnu++14)
template <class T>
constexpr int16_t FastIntSineGenerator<T>::sine_table[];
 
#if PREFER_FIXEDPOINT
template <class T = int16_t>
using SineGenerator = FastIntSineGenerator<T>;
#else
template <class T = int16_t>
using SineGenerator = FloatSineGenerator<T>;
#endif
 
template <class T = int16_t>
using SineWaveGenerator = SineGenerator<T>;
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class SquareWaveGenerator : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  SquareWaveGenerator(float amplitude = NumberConverter::maxValueT<T>(),
                       float phase = 0.0f) {
    LOGD("SquareWaveGenerator");
    setAmplitude(amplitude);
    setPhase(phase);
  }
 
  bool begin() override {
    TRACEI();
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin();
    updatePhaseIncrement();
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info) override {
    LOGI("%s::begin(channels=%d, sample_rate=%d)", "SquareWaveGenerator",
         (int)info.channels, (int)info.sample_rate);
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info);
    updatePhaseIncrement();
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info, float frequency) {
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info);
    if (frequency > 0.0f) {
      setFrequency(frequency);
    }
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(int channels, int sample_rate, float frequency) {
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.channels = channels;
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate = sample_rate;
    return begin(SoundGenerator<T>::info, frequency);
  }
 
  virtual void setAudioInfo(AudioInfo info) override {
    SoundGenerator<T>::setAudioInfo(info);
    updatePhaseIncrement();
  }
 
  void setFrequency(float frequency) override {
    LOGI("setFrequency: %.2f", frequency);
    m_frequency = frequency;
    updatePhaseIncrement();
  }
 
  void setPhase(float phase) {
    double turns = phase / (2.0 * PI);
    m_phase_offset = (uint32_t)(turns * 4294967296.0);
  }
 
  void setAmplitude(float amp) {
    m_amplitude = amp;
    m_amplitude_i = (int32_t)amp;
  }
 
  virtual T readSample() override {
    uint32_t phase = m_phase_acc + m_phase_offset;
    m_phase_acc += m_phase_increment;
    // top bit of the phase marks the half of the cycle we're in
    return (int32_t)phase >= 0 ? (T)m_amplitude_i : (T)(-m_amplitude_i);
  }
 
 protected:
  volatile float m_frequency = 0.0f;
  float m_amplitude = 1.0f;
  int32_t m_amplitude_i = 32767;
  // fixed point (32 bit) phase: wrapping is implicit via unsigned overflow
  uint32_t m_phase_acc = 0;
  uint32_t m_phase_offset = 0;
  uint32_t m_phase_increment = 0;
 
  // only called from begin()/setFrequency()/setAudioInfo(), never per sample
  void updatePhaseIncrement() {
    uint32_t sample_rate = SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate;
    if (sample_rate > 0) {
      m_phase_increment =
          (uint32_t)((double)m_frequency / sample_rate * 4294967296.0);
    }
  }
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class SawToothGenerator : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  SawToothGenerator(float amplitude = NumberConverter::maxValueT<T>(),
                     float phase = 0.0f) {
    LOGD("SawToothGenerator");
    setAmplitude(amplitude);
    setPhase(phase);
  }
 
  bool begin() override {
    TRACEI();
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin();
    updatePhaseIncrement();
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info) override {
    LOGI("%s::begin(channels=%d, sample_rate=%d)", "SawToothGenerator",
         (int)info.channels, (int)info.sample_rate);
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info);
    updatePhaseIncrement();
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info, float frequency) {
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info);
    if (frequency > 0.0f) {
      setFrequency(frequency);
    }
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(int channels, int sample_rate, float frequency) {
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.channels = channels;
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate = sample_rate;
    return begin(SoundGenerator<T>::info, frequency);
  }
 
  virtual void setAudioInfo(AudioInfo info) override {
    SoundGenerator<T>::setAudioInfo(info);
    updatePhaseIncrement();
  }
 
  void setFrequency(float frequency) override {
    LOGI("setFrequency: %.2f", frequency);
    m_frequency = frequency;
    updatePhaseIncrement();
  }
 
  void setPhase(float phase) {
    double turns = phase / (2.0 * PI);
    m_phase_offset = (uint32_t)(turns * 4294967296.0);
  }
 
  void setAmplitude(float amp) {
    m_amplitude = amp;
    m_amplitude_i = (int32_t)amp;
  }
 
  virtual T readSample() override {
    uint32_t phase = m_phase_acc + m_phase_offset;
    m_phase_acc += m_phase_increment;
    // reinterpreting the wrapping unsigned phase as signed already gives
    // a linear ramp from -2^31 to 2^31-1: exactly a saw tooth
    int32_t ramp = (int32_t)phase;
    return (T)(((int64_t)ramp * m_amplitude_i) >> 31);
  }
 
 protected:
  volatile float m_frequency = 0.0f;
  float m_amplitude = 1.0f;
  int32_t m_amplitude_i = 32767;
  // fixed point (32 bit) phase: wrapping is implicit via unsigned overflow
  uint32_t m_phase_acc = 0;
  uint32_t m_phase_offset = 0;
  uint32_t m_phase_increment = 0;
 
  // only called from begin()/setFrequency()/setAudioInfo(), never per sample
  void updatePhaseIncrement() {
    uint32_t sample_rate = SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate;
    if (sample_rate > 0) {
      m_phase_increment =
          (uint32_t)((double)m_frequency / sample_rate * 4294967296.0);
    }
  }
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class WhiteNoiseGenerator : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  WhiteNoiseGenerator(T amplitude = 32767) { this->amplitude = amplitude; }
 
  T readSample() { return (random(-amplitude, amplitude)); }
 
 protected:
  T amplitude;
  // //range : [min, max]
  int random(int min, int max) { return min + rand() % ((max + 1) - min); }
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class PinkNoiseGenerator : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  PinkNoiseGenerator(T amplitude = 32767) {
    this->amplitude = amplitude;
    max_key = 0x1f;  // Five bits set
    key = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) white_values[i] = rand() % (amplitude / 5);
  }
 
  T readSample() {
    T last_key = key;
    unsigned int sum;
 
    key++;
    if (key > max_key) key = 0;
    // Exclusive-Or previous value with current value. This gives
    // a list of bits that have changed.
    int diff = last_key ^ key;
    sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
      // If bit changed get new random number for corresponding
      // white_value
      if (diff & (1 << i)) white_values[i] = rand() % (amplitude / 5);
      sum += white_values[i];
    }
    return sum;
  }
 
 protected:
  T max_key;
  T key;
  unsigned int white_values[5];
  unsigned int amplitude;
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class SilenceGenerator : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  // the scale defines the max value which is generated
  SilenceGenerator(T value = 0) { this->value = value; }
 
  T readSample() {
    return value;  // return 0
  }
 
 protected:
  T value;
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class GeneratorFromStream : public SoundGenerator<T>, public VolumeSupport {
 public:
  GeneratorFromStream() {
    maxValue = NumberConverter::maxValue(sizeof(T) * 8);
  };
 
  GeneratorFromStream(Stream& input, int channels = 1, float volume = 1.0) {
    maxValue = NumberConverter::maxValue(sizeof(T) * 8);
    setStream(input);
    setVolume(volume);
    setChannels(channels);
  }
 
  void setStream(Stream& input) { this->p_stream = &input; }
 
  void setChannels(int channels) { this->channels = channels; }
 
  T readSample() {
    T data = 0;
    float total = 0;
    if (p_stream != nullptr) {
      for (int j = 0; j < channels; j++) {
        p_stream->readBytes((uint8_t*)&data, sizeof(T));
        total += data;
      }
      float avg = (total / channels) * volume();
      if (avg > maxValue) {
        data = maxValue;
      } else if (avg < -maxValue) {
        data = -maxValue;
      } else {
        data = avg;
      }
    }
    return data;
  }
 
 protected:
  Stream* p_stream = nullptr;
  int channels = 1;
  float maxValue;
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class GeneratorFromArray : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  GeneratorFromArray() = default;
  template <size_t arrayLen>
  GeneratorFromArray(T (&array)[arrayLen], int repeat = 0,
                     bool setInactiveAtEnd = false, size_t startIndex = 0) {
    TRACED();
    this->max_repeat = repeat;
    this->inactive_at_end = setInactiveAtEnd;
    this->sound_index = startIndex;
    setArray(array, arrayLen);
  }
 
  template <int arrayLen>
  void setArray(T (&array)[arrayLen]) {
    TRACED();
    setArray(array, arrayLen);
  }
 
  void setArray(T* array, size_t size) {
    table.resize(size);
    for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
      table[j] = array[j];
    }
    LOGI("table_length: %d", (int)size);
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info) override {
    return SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info);
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info, float frequency) {
    bool rc = begin(info);
    setFrequency(frequency);
    return rc;
  }
 
  bool begin() override {
    TRACEI();
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin();
    sound_index = 0.0f;
    repeat_counter = 0;
    is_running = true;
    return true;
  }
 
  void end() override { table.resize(0); }
 
  T readSample() override {
    if (table.size() == 0) {
      return 0;
    }
 
    if (!this->is_running) {
      return 0;
    }
 
    const float table_size = static_cast<float>(table.size());
 
    // at end deactivate output
    while (sound_index >= table_size) {
      // LOGD("reset index - sound_index: %d, table_length:
      // %d",sound_index,table_length);
      sound_index -= table_size;
      // deactivate when count has been used up
      if (max_repeat >= 1 && ++repeat_counter >= max_repeat) {
        LOGD("atEnd");
        this->is_running = false;
        if (inactive_at_end) {
          this->active = false;
        }
        return 0;
      }
    }
 
    // LOGD("index: %d - active: %d", sound_index, this->active);
    T result = 0;
    if (this->is_running) {
      int idx0 = static_cast<int>(sound_index);
      int idx1 = idx0 + 1;
      if (idx1 >= static_cast<int>(table.size())) {
        idx1 = 0;
      }
      float frac = sound_index - static_cast<float>(idx0);
      float sample = static_cast<float>(table[idx0]) * (1.0f - frac) +
                     static_cast<float>(table[idx1]) * frac;
      result = static_cast<T>(sample);
      sound_index += index_increment;
    }
 
    return result;
  }
 
  // step size the sound index is incremented (default = 1)
  void setIncrement(int inc) {
    index_increment = inc;
    frequency = 0.0f;
  }
 
  void setFrequency(float frequency) override {
    if (SoundGenerator<T>::audioInfo().sample_rate <= 0 || table.size() == 0) {
      LOGE("setFrequency failed: sample_rate=%d table_size=%d",
           (int)SoundGenerator<T>::audioInfo().sample_rate, (int)table.size());
      return;
    }
    if (frequency < 0.0f) {
      frequency = 0.0f;
    }
    this->frequency = frequency;
    index_increment =
        frequency * static_cast<float>(table.size()) /
        static_cast<float>(SoundGenerator<T>::audioInfo().sample_rate);
  }
 
  // Sets up a sine table - returns the effective frequency
  int setupSine(int sampleRate, float reqFrequency, float amplitude = 1.0) {
    int sample_count =
        static_cast<float>(sampleRate) /
        reqFrequency;  // e.g.  44100 / 300hz = 147 samples per wave
    float angle = 2.0 * PI / sample_count;
    table.resize(sample_count);
    for (int j = 0; j < sample_count; j++) {
      table[j] = sinf(j * angle) * amplitude;
    }
    // calculate effective frequency
    return sampleRate / sample_count;
  }
 
  // Similar like is active to check if the array is still playing.
  bool isRunning() { return is_running; }
 
 protected:
  float sound_index = 0.0f;
  int max_repeat = 0;
  int repeat_counter = 0;
  bool inactive_at_end = false;
  bool is_running = false;
  bool owns_data = false;
  Vector<T> table;
  float index_increment = 1.0f;
  float frequency = 0.0f;
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class GeneratorFixedValue : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  GeneratorFixedValue() = default;
 
  virtual bool begin(AudioInfo info) { return SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info); }
 
  void setValue(T value) { value_set = value; }
 
  bool begin() override {
    TRACEI();
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin();
    is_running = true;
    value_return = value_set;
    return true;
  }
 
  T readSample() override { return value_return; }
 
  // Similar like is active to check if the array is still playing.
  bool isRunning() { return is_running; }
 
 protected:
  T value_set = 0;
  T value_return = 0;
  bool is_running = false;
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class SineFromTable : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  SineFromTable(float amplitude = NumberConverter::maxValueT<T>()) {
    this->amplitude = amplitude;
    this->amplitude_to_be = amplitude;
  }
 
  void setAmplitude(float amplitude) { this->amplitude_to_be = amplitude; }
 
  void setMaxAmplitudeStep(float step) { max_amplitude_step = step; }
 
  T readSample() {
    // update angle
    angle += step;
    if (angle >= 360.0f) {
      while (angle >= 360.0f) {
        angle -= 360.0f;
      }
      // update frequency at start of circle (near 0 degrees)
      step = step_new;
 
      updateAmplitudeInSteps();
      // amplitude = amplitude_to_be;
    }
    return interpolate(angle);
  }
 
  bool begin() {
    is_first = true;
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin();
    base_frequency = SoundGenerator<T>::audioInfo().sample_rate /
                     360.0f;  // 122.5 hz (at 44100); 61 hz (at 22050)
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(AudioInfo info, float frequency) {
    SoundGenerator<T>::begin(info);
    base_frequency = SoundGenerator<T>::audioInfo().sample_rate /
                     360.0f;  // 122.5 hz (at 44100); 61 hz (at 22050)
    setFrequency(frequency);
    return true;
  }
 
  bool begin(int channels, int sample_rate, uint16_t frequency = 0) {
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.channels = channels;
    SoundGenerator<T>::info.sample_rate = sample_rate;
    return begin(SoundGenerator<T>::info, frequency);
  }
 
  void setFrequency(float freq) {
    step_new = freq / base_frequency;
    if (is_first) {
      step = step_new;
      is_first = false;
    }
    LOGD("step: %f", step_new);
  }
 
 protected:
  bool is_first = true;
  float amplitude;
  float amplitude_to_be;
  float max_amplitude_step = 50.0f;
  float base_frequency = 1.0f;
  float step = 1.0f;
  float step_new = 1.0f;
  float angle = 0.0f;
  // 122.5 hz (at 44100); 61 hz (at 22050)
  const float values[181] = {
      0,        0.0174524, 0.0348995, 0.052336, 0.0697565, 0.0871557,
      0.104528, 0.121869,  0.139173,  0.156434, 0.173648,  0.190809,
      0.207912, 0.224951,  0.241922,  0.258819, 0.275637,  0.292372,
      0.309017, 0.325568,  0.34202,   0.358368, 0.374607,  0.390731,
      0.406737, 0.422618,  0.438371,  0.45399,  0.469472,  0.48481,
      0.5,      0.515038,  0.529919,  0.544639, 0.559193,  0.573576,
      0.587785, 0.601815,  0.615661,  0.62932,  0.642788,  0.656059,
      0.669131, 0.681998,  0.694658,  0.707107, 0.71934,   0.731354,
      0.743145, 0.75471,   0.766044,  0.777146, 0.788011,  0.798636,
      0.809017, 0.819152,  0.829038,  0.838671, 0.848048,  0.857167,
      0.866025, 0.87462,   0.882948,  0.891007, 0.898794,  0.906308,
      0.913545, 0.920505,  0.927184,  0.93358,  0.939693,  0.945519,
      0.951057, 0.956305,  0.961262,  0.965926, 0.970296,  0.97437,
      0.978148, 0.981627,  0.984808,  0.987688, 0.990268,  0.992546,
      0.994522, 0.996195,  0.997564,  0.99863,  0.999391,  0.999848,
      1,        0.999848,  0.999391,  0.99863,  0.997564,  0.996195,
      0.994522, 0.992546,  0.990268,  0.987688, 0.984808,  0.981627,
      0.978148, 0.97437,   0.970296,  0.965926, 0.961262,  0.956305,
      0.951057, 0.945519,  0.939693,  0.93358,  0.927184,  0.920505,
      0.913545, 0.906308,  0.898794,  0.891007, 0.882948,  0.87462,
      0.866025, 0.857167,  0.848048,  0.838671, 0.829038,  0.819152,
      0.809017, 0.798636,  0.788011,  0.777146, 0.766044,  0.75471,
      0.743145, 0.731354,  0.71934,   0.707107, 0.694658,  0.681998,
      0.669131, 0.656059,  0.642788,  0.62932,  0.615661,  0.601815,
      0.587785, 0.573576,  0.559193,  0.544639, 0.529919,  0.515038,
      0.5,      0.48481,   0.469472,  0.45399,  0.438371,  0.422618,
      0.406737, 0.390731,  0.374607,  0.358368, 0.34202,   0.325568,
      0.309017, 0.292372,  0.275637,  0.258819, 0.241922,  0.224951,
      0.207912, 0.190809,  0.173648,  0.156434, 0.139173,  0.121869,
      0.104528, 0.0871557, 0.0697565, 0.052336, 0.0348995, 0.0174524,
      0};
 
  T interpolate(float angle) {
    bool positive = (angle <= 180.0f);
    float angle_positive = positive ? angle : angle - 180.0f;
    int angle_int1 = angle_positive;
    int angle_int2 = angle_int1 + 1;
    T v1 = values[angle_int1] * amplitude;
    T v2 = values[angle_int2] * amplitude;
    T result = v1 < v2 ? map(angle_positive, angle_int1, angle_int2, v1, v2)
                       : map(angle_positive, angle_int1, angle_int2, v2, v1);
    // float result = v1;
    return positive ? result : -result;
  }
 
  T map(T x, T in_min, T in_max, T out_min, T out_max) {
    return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
  }
 
  void updateAmplitudeInSteps() {
    float diff = amplitude_to_be - amplitude;
    if (abs(diff) > max_amplitude_step) {
      diff = (diff < 0) ? -max_amplitude_step : max_amplitude_step;
    }
    if (abs(diff) >= 1.0f) {
      amplitude += diff;
    }
  }
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class GeneratorMixer : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  GeneratorMixer() = default;
 
  void add(SoundGenerator<T>& generator) { vector.push_back(&generator); }
  void add(SoundGenerator<T>* generator) { vector.push_back(generator); }
 
  void clear() { vector.clear(); }
 
  T readSample() {
    float total = 0.0f;
    float count = 0.0f;
    for (auto& generator : vector) {
      if (generator->isActive()) {
        T sample = generator->readSample();
        total += sample;
        count += 1.0f;
      }
    }
    return count > 0.0f ? total / count : 0;
  }
 
 protected:
  Vector<SoundGenerator<T>*> vector;
  int actualChannel = 0;
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class TestGenerator : public SoundGenerator<T> {
 public:
  TestGenerator(T max = 1000, T inc = 1) { this->max = max; }
 
  T readSample() override {
    value += inc;
    if (abs(value) >= max) {
      inc = -inc;
      value += (inc * 2);
    }
    return value;
  }
 
 protected:
  T max;
  T value = 0;
  T inc = 1;
};
 
template <class T = int16_t>
class GeneratorQueue : public SoundGenerator<T> {
public:
  virtual bool begin(uint16_t queue_size=256) {
    return queue.resize(queue_size) && SoundGenerator<T>::begin();
  }
 
  virtual void end() override { SoundGenerator<T>::end(); clear(); }
 
  // Returns the requested number of bytes from the current generator.
  // If the current generator runs out of bytes before the buffer is filled,
  // it will move to the next queued generator.  If there are no more generators,
  // it will stop filling the buffer and return the number of bytes it was able to fill.
  virtual size_t readBytes(uint8_t *buffer, size_t buf_len) override {
    LOGD("readBytes: %d", (int)buf_len);
    if (!SoundGenerator<T>::active) return 0;
    if (queue.available() == 0) return 0;  // Nothing in the queue.
 
    size_t bytes_read = 0;
    size_t ret = 0;
    SoundGenerator<T> *current_generator = nullptr;
 
    while (bytes_read < buf_len) {
      if ((current_generator = getCurrentGenerator()) == nullptr) break; // No generator.
 
      ret = current_generator->readBytes(buffer+bytes_read, buf_len-bytes_read);
      bytes_read += ret;
 
      if (ret == 0) {
        // Done with this generator, move to the next one.
        removeCurrentGenerator();
        if (queue.available() == 0) break;  // No more generators
      }
    }
    return bytes_read;
  }
 
  // If no bytes are available, will return 0.
  virtual T readSample() override {
    T buf;
    if (readBytes((uint8_t *)&buf, sizeof(T)) != sizeof(T)) return (T)0;
    return buf;
  }
 
  virtual inline size_t readSamples(T* data, size_t len) override {
    return (readBytes((uint8_t *)data, len*sizeof(T)) / sizeof(T));
  }
 
  // Add a generator to the queue.  The generator MUST be time limited BEFORE adding
  // to the queue (eg: calling setPlayTime()). Otherwise, the generator will never
  // run out of bytes and nothing after it will ever play.
  // Callbacks are called in the context of read*() methods, so you probably want them
  // to be quick and not block on anything.
  virtual bool pushGenerator(SoundGenerator<T> *gen,
    void (*start_cb)(SoundGenerator<T> *, const void *) = nullptr,
    void (*end_cb)(SoundGenerator<T> *, const void *) = nullptr,
    const void *cb_data = nullptr
  ) {
    LOGD("pushGenerator()");
    if (queue.availableForWrite() == 0) return false;  // Queue is full.
 
    QNode *node = new QNode(gen, start_cb, end_cb, cb_data); // Deleted in removeCurrentGenerator;
    if (node == nullptr) return false;  // new failed
 
    if (!queue.write(node)) {
      delete node;
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }
 
  // GeneratorQueue doesn't do everything other generators do.  We rely on the
  // queued SoundGenerators to do any shaping.
  virtual inline void setPlayTime(uint32_t p, uint8_t u = 20, uint8_t d = 30) override {
    LOGW("GeneratorQueue::setPlayTime() does nothing.");
  }
  virtual inline void setFrequency(float f) override {
    LOGW("GeneratorQueue::setFrequency() does nothing.");
  }
 
  virtual SoundGenerator<T> *peek() {
    QNode *node;
    if (!queue.peek(node)) return nullptr;
    return node->generator;
  }
 
  virtual bool clear() {
    while (removeCurrentGenerator()) {};  // Deletes all the QNodes.
    return queue.available() == 0;
  }
 
  virtual inline size_t size()              { return queue.available(); }
  virtual inline size_t available()         { return queue.available(); }
  virtual inline size_t availableForWrite() { return queue.availableForWrite(); }
  virtual inline bool   empty()             { return queue.available() == 0; }
 
protected:
  struct QNode {
    SoundGenerator<T> *generator;
    void (*start_cb)(SoundGenerator<T> *, const void *);
    void (*end_cb)(SoundGenerator<T> *, const void *);
    const void *cb_data;
    bool restarted;
    QNode(SoundGenerator<T> *g, void (*s)(SoundGenerator<T> *, const void *), void (*e)(SoundGenerator<T> *, const void *), const void *d) :
      generator(g), start_cb(s), end_cb(e), cb_data(d) { restarted=false; }
  };
 
  RingBufferSPSC<QNode *> queue;
 
  // Returns the SoundGenerator at the head of the queue,
  // restarting it if it hasn't been restarted yet.
  SoundGenerator<T> *getCurrentGenerator() {
    if (queue.available() == 0) return nullptr;
 
    QNode *node = nullptr;
    if (!queue.peek(node) || node == nullptr) return nullptr;
 
    if (!node->restarted) {
      if (node->start_cb) {
        node->start_cb(node->generator, node->cb_data);
      }
      node->generator->restart();
      node->restarted = true;      // persistent dynamic objects, this will persist.
    }
    return node->generator;
  }
 
  // Removes the current SoundGenerator from the queue, and cleans up memory use.
  bool removeCurrentGenerator() {
    if (queue.available() == 0) return false;
 
    QNode *node = nullptr;
    bool ret = queue.read(node);
    if (node != nullptr) {
      if (node->end_cb) {
        node->end_cb(node->generator, node->cb_data);
      }
      delete node;
    }
    return ret;
  }
 
  // readBytes(), readSample(), and readSamples() have all been reimplemented above
  // and do not use readBytesFrames(), so this will never be called.  But it's not
  // virtual in SoundGenerator so I can't overwrite it.
  //size_t readBytesFrames(uint8_t *b, size_t l, int f, int c) {
  //    LOGE("GeneratorQueue::readBytesFrames() should never get called.");
  //    return 0;
  //}
 
};
 
 
 
}  // namespace audio_tools